ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืืœื‘ื•ื

ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืจืจ 

ืื™ืชืžืจ ื”ืจืจ ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1952.  ื”ื•ืจื™ื• - ืฉื•ืฉื ื” (ืœื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืจื ื“ื™ื™ืก) ื•ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืจืจ - ืขืœื• ืžืจื•ืžื ื™ื” ืœืืจืฅ ืœืคื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”. ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืจืจ ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1928, ื•ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืืจืฅ ืžืจื•ืžื ื™ื” ื›ื™ืชื•ื ื ืขืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ื™ืช ื”ื ื•ืขืจ. ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื›ืคืจ ื”ืจื"ื”, ื•ืœืชืงื•ืžื” ื”ื’ื™ืข ืžืขื˜ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืงืžืช ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1946, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื ื’ื‘. ื”ื•ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื™ืชืžืจ, ื“ื•ื“ ื•ืฉื•ืฉื ื”, ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื“ื•ื“ื™ื. ืฉื•ืฉื ื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืืจืฅ ืžืจื•ืžื ื™ื” ืขื ื”ื•ืจื™ื” ื•ืื—ื™ื”, ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื ื™ืฉืืŸื• ื‘ืคืชื— ืชืงื•ื•ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 1951 ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ื›ื–ื•ื’ ื ืฉื•ื™ ืœืชืงื•ืžื”. ืœื“ื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืื—ื•ืช ืื—ืช ื‘ืฉื ืฉืจื”.

ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื’ืœ ืขื–ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘, ื”ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื—ื™ืœืงื” ื‘ืชื™ื ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื•, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื• ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืจืจ ื’ืจื” ืžืžื•ืงืžืช ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื”ื–ื”.  

ืื™ืชืžืจ ื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ืขื ืื•ืจื ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 1971. ืœืื™ืชืžืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืจืคืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืขื ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืคืจื•ืช. ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื“ืจื›ื, ืœื–ื•ื’ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื—ืœื™ื‘ื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืœื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื“ื ื™. ืื•ืจื ื” ื—ืœื‘ื” ื›ืš ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื, ื•ื”ื ืขื‘ื“ื• ืœืœื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื. ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื” ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื–ื™ืงื• ืจืคืชื•ืช  ื•ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืจืจ ื”ื™ื• ืžื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืกื’ืจื• ืืช ืจืคืชื. ืœืคื ื™ ืกื’ื™ืจืช ื”ืจืคืช, ื ื•ืชืจื• ืคืจื•ืช ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช, ื•ืื•ืจื ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ื•ืกืขืช ืœื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ืœื‘. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืจืคืช, ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ื—ื–ื™ืงื”  ืœื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื, ืžื˜ืขื™ ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ, ืืคืจืกืžื•ืŸ, ืื‘ื•ืงื“ื•, ื‘ื™ืช ืืจื™ื–ื” ื•ืžืงืจืจื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื—ืœื” (ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื‘ืฉืœื”).

ื‘ืชืงื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื• ื’ื ื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืžืชืงื•ืžื” ืœืžื“ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื‘ืกืขื“ , ืžื›ื™ืชื” ื'  ืขื“ ื›ื™ืชื” ื—'. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืชืคื–ืจื• ืœื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ. ื™ืœื“ื™ ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฆื™ื ืœืžื“ื• ื‘ื™ื‘ื ื” ืžื›ื™ืชื” ื˜โ€˜, ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ ืชืงื•ืžื” ืฉื•ืœื‘ื• ืฉื. ืื™ืชืžืจ ืœืžื“ ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ ืฉืžื•ื ื”-ืขืฉืจื” ื‘ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ืช 'ืกื™ื˜ืจื™ืŸ' ืœื™ื“ ื—ื™ืคื”, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ืงืจ ืืช ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืคืขื ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช. ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืก ืœืฆื‘ื, ืœืžื“ ืžื›ื•ื ืื•ืช ืจื›ื‘ ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืจื™ื•ืŸ, ืžืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืงื‘ืข. ื›ืฉืคืจืฆื” ืžืœื—ืžืช ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ, ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ, ืืš ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืฆื‘ื ื•ื ืœื—ื ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ื’ื•ืœืŸ, ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ืฉื ื’ื ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.

ืืจื ื” ื”ืจืจ ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 1955. ื”ื™ื ืขืœืชื” ืœืืจืฅ ืžื˜ืจื ืกื™ืœื‘ื ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืžื ื™ื” ื‘-1960 ื•ื’ื“ืœื” ื‘ืงืจื™ืช ื’ืช. ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื” ืงืจืื• ื“ื‘ ื•ืจื‘ืงื”. ืื•ืจื ื” ืœืžื“ื” ื‘ื’ืŸ ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘"ื“ ื‘ืงืจื™ื™ืช ื’ืช. ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื›ื™ืชื” ื—' ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืงืจื™ืช ื’ืช, ื•ืขื‘ืจื” ืœืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืช ืžื–ืจื—ื™. ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื™ื• ืจืง ืฉืชื™ ืื•ืœืคื ื•ืช - ื›ืคืจ ืกื‘ื ื•ื›ืคืจ ืคื™ื ืก, ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืœื›ื• ืœืื•ืœืคื ื•ืช. ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื–ืืช. ืœืžืฉืคื—ืชื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืงืจื•ื‘ืช ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื›ื ื” ืืœืžื ื”, ืืฆืœื” ืื•ืจื ื” ื’ืจื” ื‘ืžืฉืš 4 ืฉื ื™ื. ืืžื ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœื‘ืงืจ ืื•ืชื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘. ืื‘ื™ื” ื“ื‘ ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ื˜ืงืกื˜ื™ืœ ื‘ืจื•ืžื ื™ื”, ื•ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ืžื›ื•ื ืช ืกืจื™ื’ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช, ื•ื”ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื ื” ื”ื™ื• ืžืจื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.  ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืื•ืจื ื” ื ื”ื’ื” ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืขื™ืจ. ื‘ืงืจื™ืช ื’ืช, ืžืฉืคื—ืชื” ื’ืจื” ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื•ืื—"ื› ื‘ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื. ื”ื "ื–ื›ื•" ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืคื—ื•ืŸ, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืกื”.

ืื•ืจื ื” ืกื™ื™ืžื” ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1973, ื•ื ืจืฉืžื” ืœืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืŸ ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉื ืœืžื“ื” ืืช ื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.  ื”ื™ื ืœืžื“ื” ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืื• ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื. ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื, ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื“ื” ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื‘ืื‘ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืืœ, ืฉื ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื’ื‘ืจื™ื. ื›ืฉืคืจืฆื” ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื’ื™ื™ืกื• ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื” ืœืœืžื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.  ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœืœืžื“ ื’ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ื™ืฉืื” ื‘ืžืจืฅ 1976. ืžืžืจืฅ ืขื“ ื™ื•ื ื™, ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื ืกื•ืข ืœืื‘ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืืœ. ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ืจื” ืœืœืžื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ื‘ื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช. ืื•ืจื ื” ื”ืคืกื™ืงื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื™ืฆืื” ืœืคื ืกื™ื” ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉืชื™ื™ื.

ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืชื—ืชื ื•, ืื™ืชืžืจ ื•ืื•ืจื ื” ื’ืจื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ (ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื ืช 2024). ืื™ืชืžืจ ื”ื™ื” ืขืฆืžืื™ ื•ืขืกืง ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืคืจื—ื™ื โ€“ ื’ื™ื‘ืกื ื™ืช, ืฆื™ืคื•ืจืŸ, ืขื“ืขื“ ื•ืขื•ื“. ืื•ืจื ื” ื”ืžืœื™ืฆื” ืœื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขื‘ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื›ืฉื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืฆืคื•ืจ (ื”ืžืฉืชืœื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื–ื™ื™ื“ ื‘ืชืงื•ืžื”) ืœืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืคืจื—ื™ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจืŸ. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืืจื™ื–ื” ืœืคืจื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืœืžืคืจื˜.

ืœื–ื•ื’ ื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ ื‘ื ื•ืช:
ื’ืœื™ืช ื–ืžื•ืจื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืจืจ ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 1977. ื”ื™ื ื’ืจื” ื’ืจื” ื‘ื™ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ ื’ืจื” ื‘ื ื•ื•ื” ื“ืงืœื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฉ ืงื˜ื™ืฃ. ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืฉื™ืฉื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื. 
ืจื‘ืงื” ืคื•ื’ืœ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืจืจ ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื‘ 1986. ื”ื™ื ื’ืจื” ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘ ืชืงื•ืžื”, ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช. ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื.

ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืžื” โ€“ ื—ื•ื’ื™ื, ื‘ื ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื, ื—ื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข. ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœื—ื™ื™ื ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืžื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ - ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื”ื’ ืœื—ื’ื•ื’ ื—ื’ื™ื ื™ื—ื“. ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ืžืคื•ืชื—ืช, ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” - ื”ืฆื’ื•ืช ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”. 

 

ืงืจื ืขื•ื“
ืฉื ืืœื‘ื•ื: ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืจืจ, ืžื•ืฉื‘ ืชืงื•ืžื”
ืงื•ื“ ืืœื‘ื•ื: MTK.0109
ืžืกืคืจ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืืœื‘ื•ื: 44
ืฉื ืžืจื›ื– ืชื™ืขื•ื“: ืžื•ืฉื‘ ืชืงื•ืžื”
ื‘ืืœื‘ื•ื ื™ืฉ 44 ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช
ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœื™
ืชืฆื•ื’ืช ืจืฉื™ืžื”

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