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ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ

ืคื•ื˜ื•(ื‘)ืœื•ื’ื™ื”

"ื–ื›ืจ ืœื”ืงื”ืœ" -ืขืœ ื˜ืงืก ืžืจื’ืฉ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืื ื•, ืฉืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืชื "ืš

ืฉืœื™ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ-ืื‘ืจื”ื

ื‘ืืœื‘ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ ื’ื•ื“ืžืŸ ื‘ืืชืจ "ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืขื™ืŸ" ืžื›ื›ื‘ื•ืช ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉื ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื 1952-53 ,ืฉื ืช ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ, ืžื˜ืขื ื”ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช.

ืื‘ื™, ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ื•ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง, ื”ื™ื” ืื– ื›ื‘ืŸ 18. ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื—ืœื” ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื•ื—ื‘ืจื™ื”- ื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื ื•ืขืจ โ€“ ื”ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ, ื‘ื™ืช"ืจ, ื‘ื ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ื•ืขื•ื“.

ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ื”ื•ื–ืžื ื• ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื˜ืงืก ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืฉื ืขืจืš ื‘ื”ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื "ื–ื›ืจ ืœื”ืงื”ืœ". ื”ื˜ืงืก ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช "ื”ืงื”ืœ" ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ืขืจืš ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ืื—ืช ืœืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื, ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื ืช ืฉืžื™ื˜ื”. ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”- ื”ืงื”ืœืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ืœืจื’ืœ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ืงืจื™ืืช ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืคื ื™ื”ื, ืข"ื™ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ืขื.

7 ืฉื ื™ื ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ, ื‘ืฉื ืช 1945, ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ .ืื‘ื™ ื–ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืงืก ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžืื– ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ื•ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžืื– ืงื•ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื‘ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืชืฉื™"ื’ (1952), ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืกืคืจ :

"ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืฉื ืงืจืื ื• ืœื”ืชื™ืฆื‘ ื‘ืžื’ืจืฉ "ื”ืคื•ืขืœ" ืฉื‘ืงื˜ืžื•ืŸ. ืขืœื™ื ื• ืขืœ ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื, ื”ื™ื” ื—ื ื•ืฆืคื•ืฃ. ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื ื• ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ื’ื ื”ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื˜ืงืก, ื—ืœืงื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื‘ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช ื•ื’ื ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช. ื ืกืขื ื• ืœืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื›ื ื•ืช ืฉืื ื ื™ื ืœื’ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื•ื.

ื™ืจื“ื ื• ืžื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก. ืžืฆืืชื™ ืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ื›ืจืชื™, ื—ื‘ืจื™ื™ ืœื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื ืขืœืžื• ืžืฉื“ื” ืจืื™ื™ืชื™. ืขืœ ื”ื’ืฉืจ ื‘ื’ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื•ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืกืคืกืœื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ื ื ื™ื ืžืขืฅ, ื”ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื™ ืืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ "ื‘ืฆืœืืœ". ื”ืชื‘ืงืฉืชื™ ืœืฉืืช ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื‘ืžืขืœื” ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืœ, ืขื“ ืœืงื‘ืจ ื“ื•ื“. ืื—ื–ืชื™ ื‘ืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืกืœ, ื—ื™ื™ืœ ื—ืกื•ืŸ ืื—ื– ื‘ืฆื“ื• ื”ืฉื ื™, ื”ืกืคืกืœ ื”ื™ื” ื›ื‘ื“ ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืชืœื•ืœ ื•ืžืคื•ืชืœ. ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื’ืขื ื• ื•ื”ื ื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ืกืคืกืœ ื‘ืคืชื— ื”ืงื‘ืจ, ื‘ื—ืœืœ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ืฉื˜ ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ืืจื™ื—ื™ ืงืจืžื™ืงื” ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืขื•ืช'ืžืื ื™ืช.

ืื—ืจื™ื ืกื—ื‘ื• ืกืคืกืœื™ื ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืœืื•ืชื• ื”ืžืงื•ื. ืœื™ืžื™ื ื”ืกืชื‘ืจ ืœื™ ืฉื”ืกืคืกืœื™ื ื”ื ืคืจื™ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืžืื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืจื™, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื“ืชื•ืช.

ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื›ื•ืชืœ ื•ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื” ืื– ื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื™ืจื“ื ื™ืช, ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื”ื˜ืงืก ื‘ื”ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ, ืžืฉื ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืฃ ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”. ื”ื™ื” ืฆืคื•ืฃ ืžืื“ ืืš ืื ื™ ื ืคืขืžืชื™ ืžืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื’ืœื” ืœืขื™ื ื™: ืขืจื‘ ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขื“ื•ืช, ื—ืœืงื ืœื‘ื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื™ื- ืžืชื™ืžืŸ, ืžื›ื•ืจื“ื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ืžืคืจืก, ืžืžืจื•ืงื• ื•ืžืืจืฆื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช. ื”ื™ื• ืฉืชืงืขื• ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ.

ืขื ืชื•ื ืฉื ืช ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื—ื–ืจืชื™ ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ื” ื—ื™ื™ืชื™. ื ื™ืฉืืชื™ ืœืฉืจื” ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ืืจืฆื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 1956, ืœืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืฉืœื•ื—ื•ืช, ื‘ื• ื”ืงืžื ื• ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืขื ื™ืคื” ื•ื‘ื• ืื ื• ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื.

ืคืขื ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ืฉืชืชืคืชื™ ื‘ื˜ืงืก "ื–ื›ืจ ืœื”ืงื”ืœ"  ืฉื ืขืจืš ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ื•ืชืœ ื‘ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืชืฉืž"ื—, ืฉื ืช 1987.ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืœ ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืœืื” ื‘ืื“ื, ื”ืงื”ืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืชืคืจืฉ ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื™ืข ืžืžืฉ ืขื“ ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื‘ืข ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™. ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืฉืขืžื“ืชื™ ืœื™ื“ ื ืชืŸ ืฉืจื ืกืงื™, ืืกื™ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉืฉื•ื—ืจืจ ืžื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ืจืง ื›ืฉื ื” ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ. ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืจืฆื•ื’ ืงืจื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ, ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื™ื“ืข ื ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช. ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉื‘ื›ื™ืก ื”ื—ื•ืœืฆื” ื”ืฉืžืืœื™, ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืœื‘, ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื™ืงืจื•ืคื™ืœื ื•ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื”ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื™ื” ืžืจืฉื™ื, ื”ืชืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืžืื“".

ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ืืœื‘ื•ื  ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื’ื•ื“ืžืŸ, ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืฆืœื•ืžื™ื ื™ื“ ื‘ืŸ-ืฆื‘ื™, 1952