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ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ

ืคื•ื˜ื•(ื‘)ืœื•ื’ื™ื”

ืฉืœื’ ืขื“ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื™ื™ื2
ืขืœ ืกื•ื•ื“ืจื™ื, ืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ื™ื™ืจ, ื•ื›ืจืžืœ ืžื›ื•ืกื” ืœื‘ืŸ

ืฉืœื™ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ-ืื‘ืจื”ื
ื”ืฉืœื’ ื”ื›ื‘ื“ ืฉื™ืจื“ ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ 1950 ื”ืคืชื™ืข ืืช ื›ืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ืœืงื ื”ื™ืชื” ื–ื• ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื” ื—ื–ื• ื‘ืชื•ืคืขื”.

ื”ืฉืœื’ ื”ื›ื‘ื“ ืฉื™ืจื“ ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ 1950 ื”ืคืชื™ืข ืืช ื›ืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ืœืงื ื”ื™ืชื” ื–ื• ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื” ื—ื–ื• ื‘ืชื•ืคืขื”.

ืืœื›ืก ืจื™ื ื’ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื”ื—ืžืฉ ื•ืื—ื™ื• ืื“ื ื‘ืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ืข, ื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจื• ืื– ืขื ื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื•ึพืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื’ืœื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื ื•ื•ื”ึพืฉืื ืŸ, ื—ื™ืคื”. ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื, ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ืื—ืจ ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื, ืœืื—ืจ ืชื•ื ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื’ืŸ ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ, ื”ื™ื• ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื•ืžืฉื•ื˜ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืกืžื•ืš ืœื‘ื™ืชื, ื‘ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื’ืœื‘ื•ืข ืœืคื™ื ืกืงืจ. ื›ื›ืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื”, 'ืžื—ื‘ื•ืื™ื' ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื”ื, ืืš ื’ื 'ืชื•ืคืกืช', 'ืงืœืืก', 'ื‘ืœื•ึนืจื•ืช' ื•ืฉืืจ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืžื™ืœืื• ืืช ื–ืžื ื ื”ืคื ื•ื™. ื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื—ื™ ืืœืช ื”ืžืกื˜ื™ืง, ืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืขื™ืจื”, ืกื™ืจื” ืงื•ืฆื ื™ืช ื•ืฉืืจ ืฆืžื—ื™ ื”ื›ืจืžืœ, ื—ื™ื• ืฆื‘ื™ื ื•ืงื™ืคื•ื“ื™ื. ื’ื ืชื ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.

ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ ืฉืœื”ื™ ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1950 ืฉื™ื ื” ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืคื™ื ืกืงืจ ืคื ื™ื• ื•ื”ืคืš ื›ื•ืœื• ืœื‘ืŸ. ืืœื›ืก ื•ืื—ื™ื• ืื“ื ื™ืฆืื• ื ืจื’ืฉื™ื ืืœ ื”ืฉืœื’. ืขื™ืžื ื™ืฆื ืื‘ื™ื”ื, ืžืฉื•ืœื ืจื™ื ื’ืจ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” "ืฉื™ืœืง", ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื“ ื‘ืžืฆืœืžืช ื”"ืงื•ื ื˜ืงืก 35" ืฉืœื• ืœื”ื ืฆื™ื— ืืช ื”ืžืื•ืจืข.


ื”ืื—ื™ื ืจื™ื ื’ืจ ืฆื•ืขื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื’, ืื“ื ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ, ืืœื›ืก ืžืฉืžืืœ, ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืคื™ื ืกืงืจ, ื—ื™ืคื”, ื™ื ื•ืืจ-ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 1950. ืฆื™ืœื ืื‘ื™ื”ื ืžืฉื•ืœื ืจื™ื ื’ืจ

ื•ื›ืš ืžืกืคืจ ืืœื›ืก:

ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืื—ื™ ื•ืื•ืชื™, ืฆื•ืขื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื›ื•ืกื” ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ืฉืœื’. ืžืฉื ื™ ืฆื“ื™ื• ื”ืฉื“ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ื ื”ื’ื ื• ืœืฉื—ืง ืฉื›ื•ืกื• ืœื‘ืŸ. ืฆืขื“ื ื• ื‘ืฉืœื’ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื ื• ืขื“ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื™ื™ื. ืขืœ ืจืืฉื™ื ื• ื—ื‘ืฉื ื• ื›ื•ื‘ืขื™ ื‘ึถึผืจึถื˜ ืฉืงื ื• ืœื ื• ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื, ืขื˜ื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืžืขื™ืœื™ ืฆืžืจ, ื•ืžืชื—ืชื ืกื•ื•ื“ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืžื™, ืžืจื™ื, ืกืจื’ื” ืœื ื•. ืืช ื”ืฆืžืจ ื”ื™ืชื” ืงื•ื ื” ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ืฆืžืจ ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื•ืกื•ืจื’ืช ืžื™ื ึตื™ ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืœืคื™ ื“ื’ืžื™ื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืกืจื™ื’ื”. ืื”ื‘ืชื” ืœืกืจื™ื’ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ืื‘ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืœื” ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ืžื›ื•ื ืช ืกืจื™ื’ื” ื™ื“ื ื™ืช ืฉื‘ืขื–ืจืชื” ื™ื›ืœื” ืœืกืจื•ื’ ื‘ื ืงืœ ืฉื•ืจื” ืื—ืจ ืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื™ื“ื™ืช ืžืฆื“ ืœืฆื“.


ื”ืื—ื™ื ืื“ื ื•ืืœื›ืก ืจื™ื ื’ืจ ืœื‘ื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื•ื“ืจื™ื ืชื•ืืžื™ื ืฉืกืจื’ื” ืœื”ื ืืžื ืžืจื™ื, ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื™ื’ ืชืžื•ื ืช ื“ื•ื’ืžืŸ ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื›ืžื•ืชื.. ืฆื•ืœื ื‘ืžืจืคืกืช ื‘ื™ืชื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื’ืœื‘ื•ืข 40, ื—ื™ืคื”. 1949. ืฆื™ืœื: ื”ืื‘ื, ืžืฉื•ืœื ืจื™ื ื’ืจ

ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ื‘ืฉืœื’ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘. ืื‘ื™ ืฆื™ืœื ืื•ืชื ื•, ืฉื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฉื›ื•ืœื• ืœื‘ืŸ. ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืคื™ืชื— ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช. ืื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืžื”ื ื“ืก ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืจื‘ ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช. ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืชื—ื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœื•. ืืช ื”ืคื™ืœื ื ื”ื’ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ 30 ืžื˜ืจ ืืฆืœ 'ืคื•ื˜ื• ื‘ืŸ ื’ื“' ื‘ื”ื“ืจ ื•ืืช ืฉืืจ ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ืžืžื•ืœ. ื”ื“ืคืกืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžื”ื ื’ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืื™ืจื•ืข ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืืฆืœื ื•, ื•ื”ืชื‘ืฆืขื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช, ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืืจื•ื—ื” ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช. ืื‘ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ ืืช ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื”ืงืจื ื” ืžืชื•ืฆืจืช "ืงื•ื“ืืง" ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ื—, ื•ืืช ืงืขืจื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืฉ. ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืืคืœื• ื•ืจืง ืื•ืจ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืื“ื•ื ื—ืœืฉ ืื™ืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื“ืจ ื‘ื—ืฉื›ืช ื”ื—ื“ืจ. ืื‘ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืงืจื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืคื™ืœื ืขืœ ื ื™ื™ืจ ื”ืฆื™ืœื•ื, ื•ืืžื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืœืช ื ื™ื™ืจ ื”ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื‘ืงืขืจื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—, ืขื“ ืœืฉื˜ื™ืคื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช. ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื”ื•ืคื™ืขื” ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ื ื™ื™ืจ ื‘ืงืขืจืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—, ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ ื›ืžืขืฉื” ืงืกื. ื‘ืกื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื‘ ื”ื•ืฉืจื• ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื, ื•ื™ื•ื‘ืฉื• ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืขืœ ืกื“ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืŸ ื‘ืกืœื•ืŸ. ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืขื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื•ืœื”ืชืคืขืœ. ื›ืฉื‘ื’ืจื ื• ืงืฆืช ืœืžื“ื ื• ื’ื ืื ื—ื ื•, ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืืช ื”ืžืœืื›ื”, ื•ืกื™ื™ืขื ื• ืœืื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืงืกืžื™ื ืฉืœื•. ืžืื– ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉืœื™, ืขืช ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื“ื•ื“ื™ ืžืฆืœืžืช 'ื–ื•ืจืงื™ึพ4' ื‘ืžืชื ื”, ื”ืคืš ื”ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืคืจื“ ืžื—ื™ื™. ืื ื™ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื‘ ื•ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื›ืจื›ื– "ื ืฉืจ ื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืขื™ืŸ" ืžื–ืžืŸ ืœื™ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง ื•ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื“ืจืš ืชืฆืœื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื.

ืืฉืจ ืœืฉืœื’ โ€“ ืžืื– 1950 ืœื ื ืจืื” ื›ื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ืจืžืœ, ืื‘ืœ ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื™ืฉ, ื•ื’ื ื ื›ื“ื™ื™ ืขื•ื–ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉืžื—ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžืกื›ื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœืฉื—ืง ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื. ืืช ื ื›ื“ืชื™ ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ืœื™ืžื“ืชื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ื™ื™ืจ ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื˜ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืœื™ื•ืช; ืจืง ืœื ืขื•ืœ ืžื’ืคื™ื™ื ื•ื–ื”ื• ื–ื”, ืžืฉื—ืง ืžืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข.

ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ืžืฉื™ื˜ื” ืกื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžืจื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ืจ, ื™ื’ื•ืจ, ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2018, ืฆื•ืœื ืข"ื™ ืืžื”, ืฉืจื•ืŸ ืจื™ื ื’ืจ