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ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ

ืคื•ื˜ื•(ื‘)ืœื•ื’ื™ื”

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ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฆื™ื’ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ โ€“ ืœื•ื—ื ื”ืืฆ"ืœ ื‘ืœื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื—ื ื•ื›ื™ืช ื”ืžื›ื‘ื™

ืฉืœื™ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ-ืื‘ืจื”ื

ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ืงื™ืžื• ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืžื—ื ื” ืžืขืฆืจ ื‘ืœื˜ืจื•ืŸ, ื‘ื• ื›ืœืื• ืืช ื”ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœื”ื, ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืžื—ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื ืช 1944 ื ื›ืœื ื‘ืœื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘, ืžืคืงื“ ื ื•ืขื– ื•ืžื•ืขืจืš ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืืฆ"ืœ. ื›ืฉืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ, ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 1938, ื”ื’ื™ืข ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืืจืฅ ืžืคื•ืœื™ืŸ, ื‘ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืœื’ืืœื™ืช, ืขื ื”ืื•ื ื™ื” "ื“ืจื’ื”". ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืคืœื•ื’ืช ื‘ื™ืช"ืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืœืืฆ"ืœ. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื ื” ืœืžืคืงื“ ื”ืืฆ"ืœ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ.

ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืœื˜ืจื•ืŸ

"ื”ื—ืœ ืžืฉื ืช 1944 ื•ืขื“ ืงื•ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ื™ื” ืื‘ื™ ื›ืœื•ื ื‘ืœื˜ืจื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขืžื™ื", ืžืกืคืจืช ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื, ืจื•ืชื™ ื’ืœืจ (ืœื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘). "ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื” ืื‘ื™ ื‘ื›ืœื ื›ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื•ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืžืื•ื“. ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื•, ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื›ืืœื• ื•ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืœื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ ื•ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื. ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื—ืคืจ ื‘ื—ืฉืื™ ืขื ืืกื™ืจื™ ืืฆ"ืœ ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืžื ื”ืจื”, ืฉื”ืชื’ืœืชื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ. ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืขื ื”ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืฅ, ื•ื”ื™ื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืื‘ืง.

ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื, ืฉื™ื“ืขื• ืฉื–ื”ื• ื”ืžืฆื‘, ืขื•ื“ื“ื• ืืช ื”ืืกื™ืจื™ื ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืขืฆืžื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ืกื™ื˜ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืžื”ืžืชื—ื•ืœืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ืžื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ืจื™ื—ื”. ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื™ืฆืœื• ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื. ืื‘ื™ ื™ืฆืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืขืฅ, ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื ื™ื™ืจ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ื•ืกื›ื™ื ื™ ื’ื™ืœื•ื— ืฉืกื•ืคืงื• ืœื•. ืžืฉื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืืกื•ืจื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ, ืžื˜ืขืžื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื.

ืืžื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ืื”ื‘ืช ื—ื™ื™ื•, ืžืฆืื” ื‘ืชื—ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื‘ืงืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืœื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื›ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื™ื• ืกื ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืขื‘ื•ืจื•. ืื•ืชื™, ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงืช, ื”ื™ืชื” ื ื•ืฉืืช ืขืœ ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืชื™ื”. ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื ื ืชืŸ ืœื” ืื‘ื™ ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ื ื”ื“ืจืช ืฉื‘ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื”, ืชื™ื‘ืช ืขืฅ ื‘ืฆื™ืคื•ื™ ืงื˜ื™ืคื”. ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ื‘ื ื” ืžืขืฅ ื“ื’ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื“ืจ ื‘ื• ื’ืจื ื• ืื–, ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ. ื”ืจื”ื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื”ืขืชืง ืžื•ืงื˜ืŸ ืืš ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืจื™ื”ื•ื˜ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช. ืขืœ ื”ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื›ืชื‘: ืœืจื•ืชื™ืœ'ื”, ืžื–ื›ืจืช ืœื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืชืš, ื›ืกืœื•, ืชืฉ"ื”, ืžืื‘ื™ืš ื‘ืžืขืฆืจ.

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขืฅ ืžื”ืžืขืฆืจ ื‘ืœื˜ืจื•ืŸ

ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžืขืฆืจ ื‘ืœื˜ืจื•ืŸ ืื‘ื™ ื‘ื ื” ื’ื ื—ื ื•ื›ื™ื” ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื™ื”. ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื” ื“ืžื•ืช ืœื•ื—ื, ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื—ื” ืฉื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžื›ื‘ื™. ื”ื›ื ื™ื ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืื’ืจื•ืคื™ื ืงืคื•ืฆื™ื, ื›ืกืžืœ ืœื›ื•ื— ื•ืœื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืื‘ืง, ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื’ื ืืช ืกืžืœ ื”ืืฆ"ืœ. ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื ืขืฅ ืื‘ื™ ืžืขื™ืŸ ื ืจื•ืช-ื“ืžื”, ื”ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืžื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื. ื”ืฉืœืฉืœืื•ืช ืžืกืžืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ื›ืœื ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ.

ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื™ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื•ืฆื’ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืœืขื™ืŸ ื›ืœ, ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื•ืจื™ื™ ื‘ื ื•ืจื“ื™ื”. ื›ืฉื ืคื˜ืจื• ืขื‘ืจื” ืืœื™, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืฆื’ืช ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘"ืคื™ื ืช ื”ื ื•ืกื˜ืœื’ื™ื”" ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื™. ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื‘ื” ื ืจื•ืช ืืš ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ื, ื’ื ืฉืœ ืื—ื™ื•ืชื™ ื™ืจื“ื ื” ื•ืื•ืจื ื”, ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื”.

ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื™ื” ืžื”ืžืขืฆืจ ื‘ืœื˜ืจื•ืŸ

ืœื ืžื–ืžืŸ, ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืชื™ ื”ืฉื‘ืขื™ื, ื”ืคืชื™ืข ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื’ื“ื™ ื•ืฉื™ืคืฅ ืืช ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื™ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื•. ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื—ื•ื•ื” ืžืจื’ืฉืช ืžืื•ื“ ืœืื‘ื ื•ืœืžื•ืจืฉืช ืฉื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืœื ื• ื•ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”.

ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ื‘ืฉื ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ืชื‘ืงืฉื• ื›ืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื›ืคืจ ื”ืก ื‘ื• ืื ื™ ื’ืจื” ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ื—ืคืฅ ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืฆื’ื ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื™ื” ื•ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืื‘ื ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื•, "ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื". ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืชืขื“ื ื• ืืช ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื“ืจืš ื”ืชืฆืœื•ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ืืœื‘ื•ื ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™, ื‘"ืœื‘ ื”ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืขื™ืŸ". ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืกื™ื•ืข ื”ืžืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืจื‘ ื”ืจื›ื–ืช ื•ืœืจื‘ืงื” ื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘ืช, ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืืœื‘ื•ื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ ืœืชืคืืจืช. ื™ืฉ ืฉื ืชืฆืœื•ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืžืฉ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงืžืช ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ".

ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืžื ื•ืจื“ื™ื” ื•ืœืชืฆืœื•ืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื