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ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ

ืคื•ื˜ื•(ื‘)ืœื•ื’ื™ื”

ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื›ื”
ื›ืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื! ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื”ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืช ื‘ืฉื“ืจื•ืช

ืฉืœื™ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ-ืื‘ืจื”ื
ื›ืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื! ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื”ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืช ื‘ืฉื“ืจื•ืช "ืื‘ื ืื”ื‘ ืœืฉื—ื•ืช. ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืžืจื•ืงื• ืฉื—ื” ื‘ื™ื, ื›ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื›ื ืขืจ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื—ืœ ืœืฉื—ื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ืช "ื’ืœื™ ื’ื™ืœ" ื•ื’ื•ืจื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘โ€ฆ ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจืช ืื•ืชื• ื—ื•ืฆื” ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืช, ื‘ืื•ืจืš ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืžื˜ืจ, ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืืฉ ืžื”ืžื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืคืขื ืื—ืช". ืื™ืœื ื” ื—ื–ืŸ ื ื–ื›ืจืช ื‘ืื‘ื™ื”, ื“ื•ื“ ื›ื”ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ืชื• ืœื™ื ื•ืœื‘ืจื™ื›ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื• ื’ื ื—ืœืง ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืคืจื“ ืžื™ืœื“ื•ืชื”.

"ืื‘ื ืื”ื‘ ืœืฉื—ื•ืช. ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืžืจื•ืงื• ืฉื—ื” ื‘ื™ื, ื›ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื›ื ืขืจ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื—ืœ ืœืฉื—ื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ืช "ื’ืœื™ ื’ื™ืœ" ื•ื’ื•ืจื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘โ€ฆ ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจืช ืื•ืชื• ื—ื•ืฆื” ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืช, ื‘ืื•ืจืš ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืžื˜ืจ, ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืืฉ ืžื”ืžื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืคืขื ืื—ืช". ืื™ืœื ื” ื—ื–ืŸ ื ื–ื›ืจืช ื‘ืื‘ื™ื”, ื“ื•ื“ ื›ื”ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ืชื• ืœื™ื ื•ืœื‘ืจื™ื›ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื• ื’ื ื—ืœืง ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืคืจื“ ืžื™ืœื“ื•ืชื”.

ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื’'ื•ืœื™ื™ื˜ ื›ื”ืŸ ื‘ื ื• ืืช ื‘ื™ืชื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ืจื•ืฉ (ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื‘ืŸ-ืฆื‘ื™) ื‘ืฉื“ืจื•ืช. ืื™ืœื ื” ืžืกืคืจืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ืจื•ื›ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืื“ื. ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืงื™ื ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”: ื”ื•ื ื—ืคืจ ื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื“, ืฆื™ืคื” ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื™ืœื ื‘ืžื™ื. ื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช ื”ืคื›ื” ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื” ืœื›ืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื”, ื•ื“ื•ื“ ืœื™ืžื“ ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ืœืฉื—ื•ืช, ื—ื™ื ื ืื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ. ืื™ืœื ื” ืžืกืคืจืช ืฉืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื• ืœื™ืžื“ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืฆืขื™ืจ ืžืื•ื“, "ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื‘ื ื™ ืฉื ื” ืื‘ื ื–ืจืง ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืžื™ื, ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื—ืชื• ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ. ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืคืจืคืจื™ื ืงืฆืช ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชืจื’ืœื ื• ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ. ืœืื˜ ืœืื˜ ืœื™ืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื•ื›ืฉื‘ื’ืจื ื• ืขื•ื“ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืกื’ื ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ื™ื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš". ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื• ืœื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื“ื’ื™ ืžืื›ืœ, ืื•ืชื ื”ื™ื” ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื’ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืžื•ื–ืžื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื’'ื•ืœื™ื™ื˜ ืชื›ื™ืŸ ืžื”ื ืžื˜ืขืžื™ื ืœืฉื‘ืชโ€ฆ

ื“ื•ื“ ื›ื”ืŸ ืงื•ืคืฅ ืœื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ืฉื‘ื ื” ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ืชื•, ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ืจื•ืฉ, ืฉื“ืจื•ืช, 1965

ื‘ืฉื ืช 1969 ื ืคืชื—ื” ื‘ืฉื“ืจื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ืžืคื•ืืจืช, ืฉืฉื™ืžืฉื” ืืช ื›ืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืช (ืื—ืช ืžื—ืžืฉ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืื– ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ!), ื›ืœืœ ื”ืžืชื—ื ื’ื ื‘ืจื™ื›ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื’ื•ืœื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื™ืคื”, ืžื“ืฉืื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื“ื™ื™ื, ืงื™ื•ืกืง ื•ืžืœืชื—ื•ืช. ื“ื•ื“ ืžื•ื ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื”, ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืื•ืชื• ืžื™ืœื ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื•ื‘ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื”, ื‘ืžืฉืš ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืขืฉื•ืจ.

ื“ื•ื“ ื•ืื—ื™ื™ื ื™ืชื• ืœื™ื“ ื‘ืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคื—ืช ื‘ืฉื“ืจื•ืช, ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-70
ื“ื•ื“ ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื• ืื™ืœื ื” (ืขื•ืžื“ืช) ื•ืื•ืจื” (ื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช), ื‘ืจื™ื›ืช ืฉื“ืจื•ืช, 1974
ื“ื•ื“ ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ื‘ืื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ืฉื“ืจื•ืช, ืื•ืชื” ื ื™ื”ืœ, ืงื™ืฅ 1972

ืื™ืœื ื” ืžืกืคืจืช ืฉื“ื•ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ื›ืœ, ื”ื—ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืœื™ื ื•ื›ืœื” ื‘ืคืจื—ื™ื ืฉื ืฉืชืœื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœื“ืฉื, ืื•ืชื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžืฆืคื•ืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ. "ืื•ื™ ืœืžื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืžืก ืื• ืงื•ื˜ืฃ ืคืจื—. ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจืช ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื›ืฉืืžื™ ืกื™ืคืจื” ืœื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ. ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืฉืžื—ืชื™, ืจืฆืชื™ ื•ืงื˜ืคืชื™ ืœื” ื•ืจื“ ืžื”ืขืจื•ื’ื” ืฉืœื™ื“ ื”ืžื“ืฉืื”, ืื‘ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื”ืจื’ ืื•ืชื™โ€ฆ ืœื ืจืง ืฉืคื’ืขืชื™ ื‘ืฆืžื—ื™ื™ื”, ื’ื ื—ืœื™ืœื” ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื“ ื›ื”ืŸ ื™ืขืฉื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืื—ืจื™ื. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื•. ื›ืš ื’ื ืœื ื ื›ื ืกื ื• ืœื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื, ื•ืืฃ ืœื ื‘ื”ื ื—ื”. ืื‘ื ืงื ื” ืœื ื• ืžื ื•ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื›ืœ ืขื•ื ื”".

ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืœื™ื ื–ื•ื›ืจืช ืื™ืœื ื” ืืช ื—ื ื ื™ื” ื•ืขืงื ื™ืŸ, ืืš ื”ื™ื• ื’ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ื”ื™ื ืขืฆืžื” ืขื‘ืจื” ื‘ื ืขื•ืจื™ื” ืงื•ืจืก "ืžืฆื™ืœื™ื ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื" ื•ืฉื™ืžืฉื” ื›ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœืžืฆื™ืœ. ื’ื ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ื™ื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื”ืฉืชืชืคื”, ื›ืžื• ืจื•ื‘ ืื—ื™ื” ื•ืื—ื™ื•ืชื™ื”.

ืื™ืœื ื” ื›ื”ืŸ ืขื ื›ื•ื‘ืข ืžืฆื™ืœ ืœืจืืฉื”, ืœืฆื“ื” ืื‘ื™ื” ื“ื•ื“, ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื”, ืฉื“ืจื•ืช, 1974
ื“ื•ื“ ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื• ืืฉืจ ื•ืจื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืคื•ื“ื™ื•ื ืžืื•ืœืชืจ ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ืฉื“ืจื•ืช, 1972

ื“ื•ื“ ืขืฆืžื• ืœื ืฉื™ืžืฉ ื›ืžืฆื™ืœ ืืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘, ื—ื‘ื•ืฉ ื›ื•ื‘ืข ืจื—ื‘ ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื, ืขืจ ื•ื“ืจื•ืš ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื›ื”. ื‘ื™ื•ื ืงื™ืฅ ืขืžื•ืก ืื—ื“ ื”ืฆื™ืœ ื™ืœื“ ืฉื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืžืฆื ืžื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื›ืจื” ืขืœ ืงืจืงืขื™ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื”. ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื—ื™ื™ืื” ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื“, ื ื™ืฆืœื• ื—ื™ื™ื•. ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืžืื–, ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื ื” ืœืื•ืชื• ื”ืžืงืจื” ื‘ื• ื ื™ืฆืœื• ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ืœื“, ื”ื™ื” ืื‘ื™ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ืœื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืขืจืืง ืชื•ืฆืจืช ื‘ื™ืช ืœืื•ืช ืชื•ื“ื”.

ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขืžื•ืกื” ืคื—ื•ืช, ื˜ืจื•ื ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ื”ืงื™ืฅ, ื”ื™ื” ืœื“ื•ื“ ื–ืžืŸ ืœื ื•ื— ืžืขื˜. ื‘ืขืจืกืœ ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื ืฉื”ืฉืงื™ืฃ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœืฉื‘ืช ื•ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื”. ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืขืจืกืœ, ืขืœ ืงื™ืจ ืžืœืชื—ื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื, ืชืœื” ื›ืœื•ื‘ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื• ื’ื™ื“ืœ ืงื ืจื™, ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื” ืžื–ืžืจืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจื•ื—ืฆื™ื. ืื™ืœื ื” ื–ื•ื›ืจืช ืฉืžืขืœ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ืœื•ื‘ ืžืชื— ืื‘ื™ื” ื—ื•ื˜ ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืŸ ืชืคื™ืจื”: ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ืงื ืจื™ ืฆืžื ื”ื™ื” ืœื•ื—ืฅ ื‘ืจื’ืœื• ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื—ื•ื˜, ื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืจื•ืžื ืขื ืžืขื˜ ืžื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื•ื”ืงื ืจื™ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ืชื” ืœืจื•ื•ื™ื”. ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื™ื•ืฆื ืœื”ืชืขื•ืคืฃ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื›ื”, ืืš ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉื‘ ืืœ ื”ื›ืœื•ื‘.

ื“ื•ื“ ื›ื”ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืขืจืกืœ, ื‘ืจื™ื›ืช ืฉื“ืจื•ืช, ืฉื ื•ืช ื” 70

ืœืขืฆืžื• ื•ืœืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืœื ืœืงื— ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื”, ืืš ื”ื•ื ื•ืืฉืชื• ื’'ื•ืœื™ื™ื˜ ื ื™ืฆืœื• ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืœื ืขืจื™ื ืžืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ืงื”. ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื”ื™ื• ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื”ื ืœื”ืชืงืœื— ื‘ืžื™ื ื—ืžื™ื ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ื ื•ื—ื™ื, ื’'ื•ืœื™ื™ื˜ ื”ื™ืชื” ืื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื ื•ื“ื•ืื’ืช ืœื”ื ืœืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื–ื™ื ื•ืช. ืœื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื™ืข ื“ื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื›ื”. ืœืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื, ืžืกืคืจืช ืื™ืœื ื”, ื“ืคืง ืขืœ ื“ืœืช ื‘ื™ืชื” ืฉืœ ื’'ื•ืœื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืฉ ื–ืจ, ืฉื—ื™ืคืฉ ืืช ื“ื•ื“. ื›ืฉืฉืžืข ืฉื“ื•ื“ ื ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1991, ื”ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืขื“ ืžืื“. ืœื’'ื•ืœื™ื™ื˜ ืกื™ืคืจ ื‘ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืฆืœ ืžื—ื™ื™ ื”ืคืฉืข ื•ื”ืขื•ื ื™, ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื• ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืœืš ื•ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื•ืขืกืง ืžืฉื’ืฉื’.

ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื’'ื•ืœื™ื™ื˜ ื›ื”ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ืฉื“ืจื•ืช (ื’'ื•ืœื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ืื™ืฆื™ืง), 1978
ื“ื•ื“ ื›ื”ืŸ (ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ) ื•ื—ื‘ืจื™ื, ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ืฉื“ืจื•ืช, 1970

ื—ืœืคื• ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ืฉื“ืจื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžืช, ืืš ืฉื™ื ืชื” ืคื ื™ื” ื•ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืงืื ื˜ืจื™ ืงืœืื‘, ื•ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืงื•ืจื”. ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืชืื™ืžื” ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื” ื”ื“ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื“ืจื•ืช, ื—ืœืง ืžืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืจื—ืฆื” ื‘ื” ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืื• ืœื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื‘ืชืฆืœื•ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ืืœื‘ื•ื ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื’'ื•ืœื™ื™ื˜ ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืชืจื” ืžื˜ื•ืคื—ืช, ืžืคื•ืืจืช ื•ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื›ื‘ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืœื ื”. ืื—ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืœื ื”, ืืฉืจ, ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช ื›ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ 'ืžื’ืŸ'.

ืืœื‘ื•ื ื’'ื•ืœื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื“ื•ื“ ื›ื”ืŸ, ืฉื“ืจื•ืช ื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืขื™ืŸ

ืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืืœื‘ื•ื: ืื”ืจืœ'ื” ื›ื”ืŸ, ืฉื“ืจื•ืช ื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืขื™ืŸ